Bioefficacy Of Selected Indigenous Plant Products Against The Malaria Vector Mosquito Anopheles Arabiensis (diptera Culicidea) In Ethiopia

The efficacy of synthetic organic insecticides to control malaria vector mosquitoes isrncompromised by increased mosquito resistance to insecticides. Furthermore, use of inorganicrninsecticides raises environmental toxicity concerns. Therefore, plant-based biodegradablerninsecticides would be ideal alternatives for the control of malaria vector mosquitoes. This studyrnwas conducted to evauate the mosquitocidal bioefficacy of extracts from indigenous plants usedrnin traditional medicine in Ethiopia. The test plants were identified through literature searchrnfollowed by ethnobotanical surveys based on formal and informal field interviews andrndiscussions with local practitioners. The 80% methanol crude extracts of the plant parts wererntested against An. arabiensis mosquito larvae and adults. The effects were determined as LC50rnand LC90 values based on probit analysis. The larvicidal effects of Aloe pirottae and Acokantherarnscbimperi extracts expressed as LC50 and LC90 were 76.34 and 282.76 ppm and 133.39 andrn407.93 ppm, respectively. Similarly, 80% methanol extracts of Aloe pirottae gel, Brassica nigrarnseed, Oreosyce africana leaf and Piper capense fruit tested on Anopheles arabiensis adults in thernlaboratory showed significant mortality for O. africana (LC50 at 14.88 and LC90 at 44.55 ppm)rnfollowed by P. capense (LC50 at 25.69 and LC90 at 46.32 ppm). The qualitative phytochemicalrnanalysis of O. africana and P. capense crude extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols,rnflavonoids, saponins, glycosides, and chromophorcs that are known to possess bioactiverncharacteristics. The dichloromethane fraction of O. africana and ethyl acetate fraction of P.rncapense had higher adulticidal activities with LC50 values of 4.27 and 10.72 ppm, respectivelyrnand were significantly different (P

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