Background: Neutropenia is one of the most common risk factors of infections in patients withrnpoor immune competency. Sever neutropenia is major causes of morbidity, treatment disturbancesrnand dose reductions in patients taking chemotherapy. Preventing infections is extremely importantrnfor a successful chemotherapy outcome. Nurses play an important role in the prevention, detectionrnand management of neutropenia, as well teaching facts to patients for better cancer care. rnObjective: To assess nurseâ€™s knowledge and care practice for infection prevention on chemotherapyrninduced neutropenia in Addis Ababa governmental hospitals with oncology units, Addis AbabarnEthiopia, 2020. rnMethod: Institutional based cross-sectional study design using quantitative methods wasrnconducted. Neutropenia knowledge questions (developed by Ertem) was used among 134rnrandomly selected nurses by lottery method. Data analysis was included descriptive statistics,rnincluding frequency, percentage, and mean. The statistical association between knowledge andrnpractice and the explanatory variables were tested by binary logistic regression. Multivariablernlogistic regression was used to control confounding effects. The magnitude of the associationrnbetween the different independent variables in relation to dependent variable were measured usingrn95% confidence interval and p-values below 0.05 considered as statistically significant. rnResult: From the total of 132 respondents 79 (59.8%) were female and 77 (58.3%) were at the agernrange between 22 to 30 years. The mean age of the participants was 30.6 years old. The nurseâ€™srninfection prevention care practices need improvement. Taking in service training, being a masterâ€™srndegree holder and having education on neutropenia management were independent predictors ofrnknowledge and practice about chemotherapy induced neutropenia infection prevention. rnConclusion: nurses working in governmental hospitals of Addis Ababa have poor knowledge andrncare practice about chemotherapy induced neutropenia infection prevention. Recommendation:rnIn service training regarding chemotherapy induced neutropenia infection prevention should berngiven to nurses who are working in cancer centers.