Prevalence Of Acute Leukemia And Association Between Bone Marrow Aspiration And Flow Cytometry In The Diagnosis Of Acute Leukemia In Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Department Of Pathology.

Background: Acute leukemia is a disease resulting from the neoplastic proliferation ofrnhaemopoieticor lymphoid cells. It results from mutation of a single stem cell, and usually there isrna series of genetic alterations rather than a single event. Epidemiologically each type ofrnleukemia has a different distribution. rnObjectives: The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of acute leukemia and describernthe association between bone marrow aspiration and flow cytometry in patients diagnosed tornhave acute leukemia. rnMethods: A cross sectional hospital based study design was conducted on 135 pathology reportsrnof patients who had been diagnosed with acute leukemia by bone marrow aspiration during thernperiod from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 G.C at TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital,rnAddis Ababa, Ethiopia. The data was utilized from bone marrow request papers and from patientrnchart review using a standardized data collection form. Different statistical analyses was usedrnincluding frequencies of variables, descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviationrnand fisher exact test for determination of statistical significanceusing IBM SPSS for Widowsrn20.0. rnResults: Over all, most of acute leukemia cases had ALL (56.5%) with male predominance (2.4:1). Therncommonest clinical presentation were symptoms of anemia (64.3%) followed by fever (57.4%) andrnmajority of the patients had organomegaly and lymphadenopathy (67% and 68% respectively).In thisrnstudy most of the patients had leukocytosis with anemia and thrombocytopenia (59.1%, 93.9% andrn91.9%) respectively.The peripheral morphologies we receive had ‘fair’ smear quality(60.9%) and 40.2%rncellular bone marrow yield. The result of flow cytometry in this study showed B-Cell ALL predominates rn(45%). The associational studies showed children are more likey to have ALL than AML(AOR: 22.54;rn95%CI: 2.90, 174.84, P= 0.001) and significant association of fever (AOR: 4.84; 95% CI: 1.28,rn18.27; P=0.02)and bone pain(AOR: 9.28; 95%CI: 1.31, 65.47; P=0.025) with ALL.Fisher’s exactrntest did not show significant association between flow cytometry and bone marrow aspiration. rnRecommendation: Further prospective studies are needed to assess the association between flowrncytometry and bone marrow aspiration.

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