BACKGROUND: Road traffic injuries are major causes of death and disability worldwide, withrna disproportionate number of occurrences in developing countries particularly in school agernchildren.rnOBJECTIVES: To assess the magnitude and factors associated with road traffic accidentsrnamong Children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.rnMETHOD: Four years retrospective record review about road traffic accidents among childrenrnwas conducted from records of all sub cities of Addis Ababa Traffic Control and InvestigationrnDepartment (AATCID).Data were collected using structured checklist . Bivariate andrnmultivariate analysis was done using SPSS version 20.rnRESULT: A total of 1019 accidents among children have been registered in all police stations ofrnsub cities of Addis Ababa from March 2010 to February 2014. Of these 125(12.3%) resulted inrnfatal accident, 510(50%) in severe injuries and 384(37.7%) in light injuries. Overall, 608 (59.6%)rnof the accidents occurred during rush hours. Children in the age group 4-6 years and children from 7-rn10 years were more likely to die from road traffic accidents compared to children in the agerngroup 11-14 years AOR 2.19, 95% C.I (1.29, 3.75) and AOR 2.15, 95% C.I (1.34, 3.46)rnrespectively. Drivers with less than one year driving experience were more likely to cause fatalrnaccidents compared to their counterparts AOR 2.77, 95% C.I (1.16, 6.66).rnCONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The rise in road traffic accident in AddisrnAbaba among children is alarming. Therefore, Road safety laws, proper and adequate training ofrndrivers and public education need to be in place to respond to the high morbidity and mortalityrnassociated with road traffic accidents.rnKEY WORDS: Children, Fatality, Injuries, Road traffic accident.