Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity is the growth of abnormal retinal vessels secondary torndeficient vascularization of the retinal tissue as a result of hyperoxia causing reduces a regulationrnof vascular endothelial growth factor and death of endothelial cells. In developing countries,rnheavier and term infant develop ROP since there is inadequate awareness of the risk factors ofrnthe disease development. There are many risk factors of ROP; the major risk factors are low birthrnweight (BW), small gestational age (GA), and long term oxygen therapy.rnObjective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity among infantsrnin Minilik II Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020.rnMethodology: An institutional based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted fromrnMarch to April 2020 at Minilik II hospital pediatrics outpatient referral eye clinic. A sample sizern(301) was determined by using single population proportion formula. And study subjects werernselected using systematic random sampling method. Data was collected from medical records ofrnall infants from January 2018 - December 2019 with a structured check list. The collected datarnwas entered and cleaned using Epi data 6.4.2.0 and then exported & analyzed using SPSSrnversion 25. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to recognize the associated factors.rnResult: Out of 301 infants enrolled in the study, 39(13%) developed ROP. Of these more thanrnhalf (56.4%) of them who had ROP were on Zone II + Stage 1 followed by Zone II + stage 5rn(12.8%) and Stage 5(10.2%). From those infants who had ROP, 16(41%) infants were regressedrnspontaneously with follow up. Univariate analysis showed that gestational age, birth weight,rnoxygen therapy, preeclampsia, apnea, RDS, anemia, blood transfusion and sepsis were arnsignificant variable. But, birth weight, oxygen therapy and sepsis remained a significant factor inrnmultivariate analysis.rnConclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of ROP in this study was 13%. Birth weight,rnoxygen therapy and sepsis were a significant factor for the development of ROP. Preventing riskrnfactors of ROP that are underweight at birth, sepsis and long term oxygen therapy are veryrnimportant to reduce childhood blindness.