Attenuation due to scattering or absorbtion of photons in composite materials dependrnbasically up on two factors, the effective atomic number and electronic density of thernabsorber material. This project discuses recent studies concerning this title (gamma rayrnattenuation in composite materials). Many researchers use attenuation data to computerneffective atomic number, electronic density and other parameters such as absorptionrncoefficient total attenuation cross section of composite materials using their own andrnreported earlier methods. Most of the studies compiled in this paper have been donernin a well-collimated narrow beam of lower and medium energy range of photon wherernphotoelectric absorbtion and compton scattering are dominant photon interaction process.rnThis work also includes photon interaction of selected human body parts and shieldingrnmaterials from this it is concluded that while exposing large dimensional biological samplesrnto the lower energy care must be taken for buildup photons to protect this shielding isrnnecessary