Coronal Mass Ejections And Problem They Cause On Earth

In this thesis work we study coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their impact onrnearth with emphases on solar active regions, geomagnetic storms and geomagneticallyrninduced current densities. Based on present concept, strong southwardrninterplanetary magnetic field and high-speed of interplanetary CMEs are importantrnmain drivers of severe geomagnetic storms that lead to geomagnetically inducedrncurrents. These can cause powerful effect on the magnetosphere to ground and onrnthe modern technologies, such as power transmissions, satellites and spacecrafts,rnpositioning and navigation systems, oil and gas pipe lines and harmful to astronautsrnin space. Therefore, primarly understanding for the prime drivers of the aboverneffects in general is important, to predict space-weather and CME impacts onrnearth. We correlated sunspot cycle, CMEs and geomagnetic storms using yearlyrnsunspot-index number data in the years of 1950–2009 and disturbance storm timernindex (Dst-index) data obtained from the WDC of Kyoto, Japan on March 12–rn14, 1989 and on October 29–31, 2003 to November 19–21, 2003. The resultsrnindicates that major CMEs can cause severe geomagnetic storms as on Marchrn13–14, 1989 with Dst-index of _ ��589nT during sunspot cycle 22 (1986–1996)rnof maximum sunspot number. On the other hand, during October 29–31, 2003rngeomagnetic storm of minimum peak Dst-index of _ ��400nT is correlated withrnthe declining phase of sunspot number in cycle 23 (1996–2008). Moreover, wernsuggested that severe geomagnetic storms which affects modern technologies canrnbe occured during the declining sunspot number (in the way of recovery phase) asrnwell as during the maximum sunspot number (storm main phase). Finally, werncomputed sample of ground current densities using plane wave method, basedrnon magnetic diffusion equation. We found that maximum amplitudes of this atrnthe ground. Then, they all show an exponentially decrease in the intensity ofrncurrent density values towards the earth center. Furthermore, we suggested thatrnsuch east-west current densities during major CMEs can cause problem on powerrntransmissions which are connected to area of high ground resistivity.

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