Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) is a nondestructive multi-elemental nu-rnclear technique for determination of elemental and isotopic compositions. In this study,rnthe Nigerian research reactor (NRR-1) based NAA was carried out with the the objec-rntive to nd out scienti c evidences on what essential and toxic isotopic compositions arernavailable in Chilga Woreda soil, six endemic herbal plants and three nger millets.rnThe results of soil analysis showed that the soil of Chilaga woreda is rich in soil nutrients.rnThe richness of the soil in nutrients, however; has been a ected due to the existence ofrnhigh concentration contents of Al, Mn, Fe and H which cause the soil acidic. Similarly,rnthe results obtained from the six di erent endemic medicinal plants showed that a total ofrn20 elements were quanti ed. Among which Mg, K, Ca, Cl, Al, Fe, Na, V, Mn and Zn arernthe most essential elements for the prevention and treatment of various human ailmentsrnsuch as asthma, headache, stomach ache, malaria, diabetes Mellituses, blood pressure,rnstroke, etc. Thus, this study supports the claims made by the traditional healers andrnthe medicinal plants are potential candidates for developing new drugs except ArtemisiarnAbyssinica that contains in excess concentration of Al, Fe and Na .rnIt is also evidenced from results of nger millet analysis that white, black and mixedrn nger millets are rich in essential elements that have signi cant nutritional quality andrnmedicinal properties as compared to Te and other cereal crops. For instance, essentialrnelements Cl, V and Rb which are present in nger millet are not present in Tef.rnThe other problem that was assessed in this work is about the natural radioactivity ofrn238U, 232Th and 40K in rocks around Gondar city using the technique of NaI(Tl) gamma-rnray spectrometry. The results obtained indicate the radiation hazards emanating fromrnthe natural radionuclides in the rocks, which are commonly used for house construction inrnthe city, do have insigni cant harm to the public except the rock from Debecha Rufauel