Soil seed banks are important sources of new individuals for many plant populations andrncontribute to future genetic variability. The objective of this study was to investigate therncomposition and density of soil seed bank and natural regeneration status at Gera moistrnafromontane forest. A total of fifty quadrats were established in the selected sites. The quadratrnsize (30m Ã— 30 m) for trees, shrubs and herbs and with seedling (height â‰¤ 1.0 m), sapling (heightrnbetween 1 and 3 m) and mature tree/shrub (height >3 m) laid down to examine similarityrnbetween standing vegetation and seed bank flora as well as natural regeneration of the studyrnsite. Soil samples were collected from the main quadrats measuring 15 cm X 15 cm and fromrnfour soil layers, the litter layer and three successive layers (0-3 cm, 3-6 cm, and 6-9 cm). A totalrnof 66 plant species germinated from all the soil samples collected for the investigation. Herbsrndominated the soil seed bank representing nearly 65.7% of the identified species. Therndistribution of seeds through the profile indicated a sharp decline in abundance with depth. Therngreatest reserves of seeds were in the surface layer of the soil (0-3 cm). Between the standingrnvegetation and the soil seed bank there was very low similarity (JCS = 0.08-0.28). However,rnthere was a general tendency of appearance of native woody species from the soil seed bank asrnevidenced by the germination of few woody species. This implies that reliance on the soil seedrnbank for the recovery of native woody species is worthy for Gera moist afromontane forest.rnKey words/phrases: - Gera Forest, Seed density, Soil seed bank, Species composition