Evaluation Of Powder And Essential Oils Of Some Botanical Plants For Their Efficacy Against Zabrotes Subfasciatus (boheman) (coleoptera Bruchidae) On Haricot Bean (phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Under Laboratory Condition In Ethiopia

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of botanical powders of Jatropha curcas (L.), Daturarnstramonium (L.), Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.), Phytoloca dodecondra (L’Herit), Azadrachta indica (A.rnJuss ) and Parthenium hysterophorus (L.) and essential oil extracts ofrnC. ambrosioides (L.), Rosmarinus officinalis (L.), Eucalyptus globulus (Labill), Trachyspermum ammirn(Sprague) and Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf) against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.) under laboratoryrnconditions (27±3 oC, 50-70% RH). The test insect was reared feeding in glass jar (1L volume) and tested onrnwhole haricot bean grains. For comparison Primiphos-methyl (0.125 g/150 g of grain) and untreated beanrnseed were included. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design with threernreplications. Hundred percent mortality of Z .subfasciatus was obtained with C. ambrosioides leaf powder at all levels of concentrations (5, 10 and 15 g/150 g of grain) after 24 hour exposure time. More than 90% mortality of thernadult Z. subfasciatus was also observed for bean seeds treated with J. curcas, D. stramonium and P. dodecondra within 96 hour after treatment. Similarly, essential oils from C. ambrosioides, R. officinalis, E. globulus, T. ammi and C. citratus admixed to the bean at the rate of 750 mg/ 150 g showed 100% mortality of Z. subfasciatus in 24 hours after treatment. Haricot bean seeds treated with powder and essential oil extracts of the plant materials also reduced progeny production by the pest. All the five essential oils from C. ambrosioides, R. officinalis, E. globulus,rnT. ammi and C. citratus applied at the highest dose (750 mg) caused over 97% reduction in progenyrnproduction by the bruchid. Likewise, using powder treatments of C. ambrosioides and A. indica at all testedrnlevels gave more than 97% inhibition in F1 progeny production by Z. subfasciatus.rnEssential oils from C. ambrosioides, R. officinalis, E. globulus, T. ammi and C. citratus at the highestrnconcentration (750 mg) diluted with 10 ml acetone and applied at 1, 2 and 3 ml per filter paper wasrnsignificantly (P≤ 0.05) toxic, causing 100% mortality in 24 hour. All the tested essential oil extracts hadrnalso a significant (P≤ 0.05) level of toxicity in the fumigation bioassay against Z. subfasciatus inrnimpregnated filter paper adjusted to 24 hour exposure period. Powder and essential oil extracts of the plantrnmaterials provided effective protection of haricot bean against attack by Z. subfasciatus. Additionally, plantrnmaterials admixed to the grain did not show any significant (P> 0.05) effects on the germination potentialrnof the treated bean seeds. In general, these results indicate that the use of powder and essential oils of therntested plants can give effective control of the most important pest of stored bean, Z. subfasciatus.

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