Genetic Diversity Of Tef (eragrosties Tef (zucc.) Trotter Land Races From Various Regions Of Ethiopia

Seventy nine tef populations collected from ten administrative regions, seven altitudernclasses were planted with two improved varieties in simple lattice design at Gute sub-site of BakornAgricultural Research Center during 2007/08 cropping season to assess quantitative and qualitativerntrait diversity among tef populations, within and between regions and altitudes of origin. Loose andrnvery loose panicle forms, gray panicle color and brown seed colors were abundant across all regionsrnand altitude classes. Whereas, compact and semi-compact panicle forms, red and purple panicle colorrnand white seed color were less frequent. Overall population, across all regions and altitude classes,rnrelatively higher mean Shannon diversity index (H’) were noted for seed color (0.45) and the lowestrnfor panicle form (0.33). Regionally, East Gojam (0.46), Horro Guduru (0.44) and East Wellega (0.43)rnwere regions with maximum H’, but South Wello (0.32) and Bale (0.33) revealed minimum Shannonrnindex. Tef sample collected from 1768-1961m. a.s.l. noted maximum H’ (0.42) and samples collectedrnfrom altitude range of >2544m. a.s.l. attain the lowest H’ (0.36). Analysis of variance for quantitativerntrait showed that highly significant (P≤0.01) and significant (P≤ 0.05) variations between treatmentsrnwere observed for most of quantitative traits considered. The first five principal componentsrnexplained about 69.2% of the entire diversity among population of which 33.04% of the variation isrnexplained by the first principal component that originated mainly due to metric character such asrnplant height, panicle length, culm length, first and second culm diameter. A total of 86.8% and 96.1%rnof the variation between regions of origin and altitudinal classes were explained by the first four andrnfive PC, respectively. About 48.4% of the total trait association showed significant correlation out ofrnwhich 83.8% of the correlation coefficient was with positive and significant. Cluster analysis of testedrnmaterials for quantitative traits resulted in the formation of 13 clusters ranging from 2-19 populationrnper cluster at 50% similarity level and six populations remain outliers. Relatively, higher GCVrn(52.54%) and H2 (73.073%) were observed for grain yield per plant, lower for number of culmrninternodes (0.625% and 0.183%, respectively). GA (%mean) was minimum for number of culmrninternodes (0.058%) and maximum for lodging index (84.683%). High and positive genotypic directrneffect on grain yield per plant were obtained from first culm diameter (5.29), panicle length (4.26),rnspikelete per panicle (2.16), second culm diameter (1.65), harvest index (1.03) and days to grainrnfilling period (0.99). However, high but negative direct effect on grain yield was obtained from plantrnheight (-15.71), culm length (-10.5), lodging index (-3.46), days to 50 % panicle emergence (-3.12),rndays to 50% maturity (-2.74) and number of panicle branch per main panicle (-1.07).rnKey Words and phrases: Eragrostis tef, accessions, regional and altitudinal diversity

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