Micropropagation Of Selected Cassava Varieties (manihot Esculenta Crantz) From Meristem Culture

Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) is a perennial woody herbrnwhich has been mainly cultivated in different parts of Africa, Asiarnand Latin America for its edible starchy roots. Due to high seedrndormancy and very slow germination rate farmers normally practicernpropagation of cassava by stem cuttings which has led tornaccumulation of viral and bacterial diseases that reduce productivityrnand may cause loss of superior genotypes. The objective of thisrnstudy was to establish a protocol for in vitro micropropagation ofrnselected cassava varieties (‘Qulle’ and ‘Kello’). For this experimentrnsolid MS medium supplemented with different BAP, GA3 and NAArncombinations has been used to initiate the growth of meristems andrnshoot induction. All the meristems were responded to a medium withrn5 mg/l BAP in combination with 1 mg/l GA3 and 0.01 mg/l NAA,rnbut shoots from this treatment were bushy with abnormal phenotypicrnappearance. This might be due to supra-optimal amount of BAP.rnMorphologically normal appearance of shoots was observed in therngrowth initiation medium with 0.5 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l GA3 and 0.01rnmg/l NAA. Among different treatments used for multiplicationrnpurpose, 0.5 mg/l BAP in combination with 1 mg/l GA3 and 0.01rnmg/l NAA was found to be the best; in this treatment a maximum ofrn27 shoots for ‘Qulle’ and 21 shoots for ‘Kello’ was obtained. Inrnrooting experiment half and full strength MS media did not showrnstatistical difference. Root induction potential of the two varietiesrnincreased with the increment of IBA concentration up to 1 mg/l. Ofrnthose shoots which were acclimatized in the greenhouse, 89.1% ofrn‘Qulle’ and 75% of ‘Kello’ survived.rnKey words/phrases: Cassava, Manihot esculenta, meristem, tissue culture

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