A study on the ecology of small mammals was carried out in Denkoro Forest Priority Area fromrnAugust 2007 to February 2008. Five trapping grids were randomly selected based on thernrepresentative habitat types; open grassland, moorland, Lobelia with Hypericum, montane forestrnand farmland. Both live and snap traps were used to capture small mammals. Seven hundred andrnNinety three live trapped individuals were captured in 2,940 trap nights. Moreover, a total of 78rnindividuals of snap trapped small mammals were also captured in 1,500 trap nights. Ten species ofrnsmall mammals belonging to rodents and insectivores were captured. Additional two rodent species were sighted but not captured. The small mammals trapped were: Lophuromysrnflavopunctatus (35.7%), Otomys typus (28.5%), Stenocephalemys griseicauda (14.6%), Arvicathisrndembeensis (9.1%), Stenocephalemys albipes (1.9%), Pelomys harringtoni (0.8%), Mus mahometrn(0.6%), Dendromus lovati (0.3%), and insectivores represented, Crocidura flavescens (5.9%) andrnCrocidura fumosa (1.4%). Population abundance and species composition of small mammalsrnvaried from habitat to habitat and from season to season. L. flavopunctatus and O. typus were thernmost widely distributed and abundant species, whereas S. albipes, C. fumosa (in the forest), P.rnharringtoni, D. lovati and M. mahomet (in the farmland) were restricted. Reproduction was highrnduring the wet season. Analysis of the stomach contents of snap trapped small mammals showedrnplant matter was the common food items. Out of the ten rodent species recorded in the study area,rnA. dembeensis, M. mahomet and Hystrix cristata were recognized as pest rodents on wheat farm.rnKey words: Denkoro Forest, habitat association, insectivores, rodents, species composition, Wollo