Monitoring And Evaluation Of Projects Is Usually One Of The Key Main Process Of Project Management And An Important Components Of Good Project Performance. The Main Objective Of This Study Is To Assesses Monitoring And Evaluation Practices Of Federal Road Projects: The Case Of Ethiopian Road Authority. Descriputive Survey Design Used And A Sample Size Of 45 Respondents Was Selected Using Amix Of Stratified And Purposive Sampling Both Primary And Secondary Data Were Used Through Questionnaire,Interview And Document Review. Quantitative Data Was Analyzed Using Content Analysis. Qualitative Data Was Transformed In To Quantitative And Analyzed With The Helped Of SPSS.Acronbach Alphatest Was Conducted To Measure The Internal Consistency And Reliability If The Data Collection Instruments And Was Found Out To Be Reliable Collected Data Was Edited,Sorted, Cleaned And Coded For Data Analysis. The Findings Were Presented Using Percentages And Frequencies,Tables,Pie Charts And Bar Graphs.Based On The Findings The Folloeing Conclisions Are Made.The Top Four Most Widely Used Evaluation Techniques By ERA Are:-Performance Indicators ,Logical Frameworks, Resulted Based Approach And Cost Benefit Analysis.Project.The Study Also Concludes The There Is No Defined Time For The Findings Of The M&E To Translate In To Improving The Project, Document Review,Site Observation And Community Discussion Are The Top Three Techniques Used To Collect, Manage And Analyze Data. Managerial Ineffectiveness Or Insufficient Implementation,Inaccuracy In Data. Collection And Lack Of M&E Expertise Are The Main Challenges Facing Proper Implemenetaion Of M&E Indicating Lack Of The Necessary Leadership And Technical M&E Expertise In ERA. Finally,This Study Recommends That It Is Important To Choose Among The Techniques That Best Fits Into ERAâ€™s Context And Then Standardize And Apply It. Strengthen Feedback From M&E Into Practice Through Rapid Action Plans,With Systematic And More Effective Project Monitoring Practices And Systems Is Crucial.It Is Also Vital To Expand Use Of Innovative And Technology Guided Approaches To M&E To Increase Project Performace .Continuous Programs To Build The Capacity Of Both Managers And Expertise In Project Management With Emphasis On M&E Activities Helps To Overcome Some Of The Main M&E Challenges