Production Of Epoxidized Zigba (podo Carpus Falcatus) Seed Oil Through Carbon Based Sulfonated Catalyst

Epoxidation is reaction of the carbon–carbon double bond of fatty acids of vegetable oils. Recentrnenvironmental awareness and reduction of world fossil fuel reserves have enforced the need tornlook for a replacement of mineral oils with environmental friendly and nontoxic vegetable basernoils such as epoxy oil. In this study epoxy oil was produced from seed oil using locally availablernraw material, podo carpus falcatus (‘zigba’) by carbon-based sulfonated catalyst. This bio-basedrncatalyst was used for epoxidation reactions of podo carpus falcatus seed oil and the study wasrnundertaken by preparing both carbon-based acid catalyst from rice husk at carbonizationrntemperatures (400, 500, 600 ℃) and extraction of vegetable oil from podo carpus falcatus seed.rnThe prepared sulfonated solid acid catalysts were characterized using: bulk density, total acidrndensity, elemental analysis (CNHS), absorbance for methyl orange solution, and (FourierrnTransform Infrared Spectroscopy) FT-IR. Based on the above characterization, the catalystrnprepared from rice husk at temperature of 600 ℃ was selected for further investigation forrnepoxidation reaction of podo carpus falcatus seed oil. Podo carpus falcatus seed oil and epoxidizedrnpodo carpus seed oil were characterized by acid value (4 mmol KOH/l), Iodine value (121 g/100rng of I2), Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), FT-IR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonancern(NMR) and including other physical properties (density, specific gravity, and kinematicrnviscosity).The epoxidation reaction experiment was performed at reaction temperatures of 65, 75rnand 85 ℃, hydrogen peroxide to the podo carpus falcatus seed oil with molar ratio of 1.5 :1, 2.5:1rnand 3.5:1, acetic acid to podo carpus falcatus seed oil molar ratio 0.5:1 and reaction times of 2, 4,rnand 6 hours. The optimal value of oxirane oxygen content 3.788 % was obtained at 71.89 °Crnreaction temperature, in 5.1 hours reaction time, and 1.94:1 hydrogen peroxide to oil molar ratio.rnThe relative conversion of double bond was 90.89%. Epoxidized podo carpus falcatus preparedrnfrom podo carpus falcatus seed have a good physiochemical and functional properties forrnepoxidized podo carpus production. and the carbon-based sulfonated catalyst works successfullyrnfor epoxidation of podo carpus falcatus seed oil.

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