Challenges Of Rural Livelihood Development The Case Of Emdeber Epharchy In Enemorenaenir Woreda Guraghe Zone Snnprs Ethiopia

The objective of this study is to examine challenges of rural livelihood development in the fourrnKAs of Enemorena-Enir Woreda in Southern Nation Nationality and Peoples’ Regional State. Tornattain this objective, research questions that lead to research findings have been developed.rnAppropriate literatures were reviewed based on relevance to the subject matter underrnconsideration. Findings were drawn from data generated through the combination of bothrnqualitative and quantitative methods. The research employed key informant interview, focusrngroup discussions, direct observation and in-depth interviews mainly to collect qualitative data,rnand household survey was conducted on 120 randomly selected households. The findings of thisrnstudy has revealed that, although different actors were putting efforts to develop livelihood statusrnof the area, efforts made by development actors were challenged and undermined by erraticrnrainfall patterns, livestock and crop diseases, rapid population growth, shortage of land andrnother problems like lack of awareness, community participation, not wall designed projects .rnHouseholds in the area covered are found to be engaging in non-farm activities to supplement thernincome gained from farming. Petty trade, craftworks, migration and local wage employments arernthe major off-farm or non-farm activities that households in the study areas are engagingrnthemselves in. In addition to this, research findings also testified that people who have arablernland, water have better diversified their activities. Meaning, wealthy households mainly relied onrnmixed farming (crop and livestock) and other activities such as petty trading. As poor householdsrnare resource poor, they intended less to participate on high return activities. The study alsornrevealed that a higher proportion of female-headed households found to diversify than theirrncounterparts, but mostly towards low return activities. The male-headed households diversifyrnrelatively to high return activities such as trade and crafts. The participation of poor householdsrnin high return income generating activities is found to be poor. This was constrained by multiplernfactors including poor resources (natural, physical, human, financial and social). It is also foundrnto be important to address the constraints of poor households by widening their access tornresources and make them realize the advantage of choosing farm activity over non-farmrnactivities. This in turn requires the improvement of households’ access to education, special skillrntraining, financial resources and credit service in order to address issues like population density,rnasset depletion, and livelihood insecurity

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