Back ground: HIV positive individuals may or may not have desire to havernchildren and want to use family planning. But the extent of theses desires andrnhow it varies by individual, social, health and demographic characteristics is notrnwell understood.rnObjective: The aim of this study is to assess fertility desire and family planningrndemand in HIV positive men and women on follow up care in Addis AbabarnARV treatment units.rnMethod: The study was undertaken from January to February 2006, usingrnquantitative cross-sectional study supplemented by qualitative in-depthrninterview on a sample of 461 PLWHA on follow up care. Study subjects werernselected using stratified random sampling method. A pre- tested structuredrnquestionnaire was used to collect data and analyzed using spss version 11.rnResult: One hundred nine (44.7%)of women and 76(35.2%)of men, over allrn40.2%of HIV positive individuals receiving care in Addis Ababa desired to havernchildren. Generally HIV positive individuals who desired children are youngerrn(18-29) (adjusted OR: 3.05, 95%CI: 1.5-6.4), married/in relation ship(adjustedrnOR :3.4,95%CI :2.1-5.6 ), have no children(adjusted OR: 11.5 ,95%CI :5.3-rn24.9)and had partner who also desire children (adjusted OR: 38.7, 95%CI: 16.7-rn89.1)than those who do not desire children. Two hundred forty six (53.5%) HIVrnpositive individuals are using and 85(39.7) want to use family planning in thernfuture. Condom was the preferred method of family planning among HIVrnpositive individuals after HIV diagnosis.rn.rnConclusion: A high proportion of HIV positive individuals who receivedrnmedical care expressed a wish for parenthood and wants to use family planning.rnThe extent of fertility desire and family planning needs of these people hasrnimplication for vertical, heterosexual transmission and the need for counseling.rnviirnIn view of their wishes for children and family planning it is important for carernproviders to address such issue. Care providers should also desist from thernconventional systematic advise against pregnancy but in addition to layingrnemphasis on the risk, provide adequate information on available practicablernreproductive option for HIV positive individuals