Since the beginning of the pandemic, AIDS has been spreading at alarming raternworldwide. Ethiopia is one of the most seriously affected countries in the region, withrnthe national prevalence rate of 4.4%. Institutional based cross- Sectional surveyrnthrough a self-administered structured and semi- structured questionnaires werernconducted from December 2004 to January 2005 in randomly selected brigade inrnzalambesa front northern Ethiopia to assess the utilization of condom and highriskrnsexual behavior of the militaries. A total of 845 soldiers participate in thernquantitative study. 4 FGD were conducted in the qualitative study. From those 840rnwho completed the questionnaires, 486 (58.8) were PVT, 267 (32.3%) other rankrnand 73(8.8%) officers. Among respondents, 837 (99. 9%) heard about malerncondom, and 799 (95.9%) reported that they could get condom whenever theyrnwant. Among the total respondents 828(98.8%) ever had sexual intercoursern(sexual active), from those 781 (94.1%) ever used condom and 71.2% usedrncondom consistently. The mean age of first sexual intercourse was 19.6+ 3.2rnyears, most of the respondents 762 (90.8%) had been sexually active during thernprevious 12 months, of those 582(76.4 %) had sex with regular partners, 534(70.1rn%) had commercial partner and 412(54.1%) had non â€“ regular non commercialrnpartner in the last 12 month.rnSimilarly most of the military personal had multiple partners, 52.4% and 32.7%rnhad sex with commercial and non- regular partner respectively. Of the 429(80.3%)rnwho were sexually active with commercials sex worker, 398 (92.8%) have usedrncondom in the previous 12 months and 279 (71.0%) used condom consistently.rnThe reason given for not using condom was drinking alcohol. About 99% of thernrespondent knew about STIs, and urethral discharge was the most common knownrnsymptom and sign followed by Genital ulcer 683 (82%) and 511(61.4%)rnrespectively.rnAlmost all, 822 (99.0%) of the respondents ever heard about HIV/AIDS, aboutrn626 (77.4%) of the respondent knew a person who was infected with HIV or whornhas died of AIDS. About 89 (11.2%) and 136 (17.8%) of the respondents reportedrnthat mosquito bite and eating raw meat prepared by a person infected by HIVrntransmitted the disease of HIV/AIDS respectively. At least half of the respondentsrn49.1% were said they are put at risk of getting HIV/AIDS. From the respondentsrn91.5%, 79.6% and 85.6% mentioned that using condom, being faithfully andrnabstaining as a preventive method respectively. Similarly 89.3% of the militaryrnpersonnels heard about VCT for HIV and 209 (25.6%) previously under gonernvoluntary counseling and testing for HIV.rnIn conclusion, knowledge of condom and HIV/AIDS was high but the utilizationrnof condom among the study population was low, so there is gap betweenrnknowledge and practices.rnIt is recommended that the above weakness be removed by continuous healthrneducation on the behavior of military and focused to wards military personnelrn(peer leader discussion). Moreover provision of vast VCT program is needed.rnVI