Background: Infection with HIV is one of the greatest challenges to global health. HIV infected person needs extra calorie than non-infected of the same age group. Malnutrition and HIV/AIDS exacerbate one another. PLWHIV are prone to develop malnutrition and malnourished PLWHIV have rapid disease progression and increase risk of mortality. National Clinical Nutritional Care Program provides therapeutic and supplementary food along with nutritional assessment and counseling to malnourished HIV positive individuals. However, to the investigatorsâ€™ best knowledge no published research that examined the recovery rate of moderately malnourished adults living with HIV on nutritional care program and its determinants. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional outcomes and associated factors among moderately malnourished adults living with HIV who were in the treatment care plan of nutritional care program.rnMethod: A retrospective before after study design (without a control group) was employed. For this purpose, we used medical records (FBP registration book) from 41 health facilities in Addis Ababa. Individuals' weight, height and clinical signs measured at baseline data and at the end of the 3 month follow up was analyzed and compared. In addition, we interviewed 15 health care providers' to get their insight about the program and understand the possible reasons for recovery/failure of the nutritional supplementation program. Result: A total of 383 classified and treated as moderately malnourished clients data were reviewed from 41 health facilities (30 health centers and 11 hospitals). More than half of the study population, 223(58.2%) were females with a median age of 36.6 years. Overall the majority 284(74.2%) gained weight, while 13.8% lost their weight and 46(12%) discharged with the same weight of admission. The analysis showed there was significant improvement in the mean BMI score from 17.4kg/m2 during admission and to discharge at 18.2kg/m2 (P-value