The objective of this study was to assess the practices, challenges and achievements of labor inspection with respect to the manufacturing and construction sectors in Bole sub-city, Addis Ababa City Administration. To achieve this objective , a descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Bole sub-city, Addis Ababa City Administration. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approach of data collection and analysis.Structured questionnaires and key informant interview guide were administered in data collection. 220(Two hundred twenty) employees of the manufacturing and construction sectors were sampled using multi-stage sampling technique. Whereas, non- random technique were used for selecting 7 key interviewees. Secondary data from annual report, performance reports, and different legislations were also used. Analysis was done using SPSS version 24.The findings characterize the working condition in medium level enterprises of manufacturing and construction sectors in Bole sub-city as poor which is evident from unequal payment for the same kind of job,denial of annual leave , higher rate of occupational accident or disease,a shortage of safety equipment,untrained employees on the issue of occupational safety and accident , inability to unionize .And this poor working condition is the reflection of the sub-cityâ€™s labor inspectorate which has not been equipped with sufficient, skilled and competent labor inspectors and which has been struggling with unmatched responsibilities and logistics to conduct labor inspection. On job training, well organized inspectorate ,emphasis on prevention, risk based inspection,, inspection based on wider participation and delegating inspection are the recommendations of this study.