Background: Low Birth Weight is a major public health problem in developing countries likernEthiopia with a prevalence rate of 13% and a higher proportion of women have been exposed tornpassive smoking. So far, a number of predictors of low birth weight have been established;rnhowever, passive smoke exposure as a risk factor for low birth weight is hardly understood. rnObjective: To assess the association between Passive smoke exposure during Pregnancy and lowrnbirth weight among the selected public hospital attendees in Addis Ababa. rnMethod: The study used an unmatched facility-based case-control design. Data was collectedrnusing a face to face interview with a structured and pre-tested questionnaire supplemented withrnmedical chart review. The study was conducted in Addis Ababa among women attendingrndelivery services in three public hospitals (Mahatma Gandhi, Zewditu Memorial, and Yekatit 12rnhospitals) from May to August, 2020 G.C. The overall sample size was assigned for each of thernthree health facilities using proportional allocation based on their patient load, and a total of 205rncases of neonates with low birth weight (weight at birth < 2500grams) at term were comparedrnwith 410 controls of neonates born with a birth weight of >=2500 grams at term. The data wasrnanalyzed using both bivariate and multivariable analyses. Binary logistic regression was used torndetermine the association between dependent and independent variables at 95% confidence level. rnResult: From a total of 205 cases and 408 controls, the proportion of passive smoke exposurernamong mothers gave birth at the selected public hospitals (mothers of the controls) was 49% (95rn% CI: 44%, 54%) and the odds of delivering low birth weight infant were 4 times higher amongrnthose who had a passive smoke exposure as compared to those who were not exposed duringrnpregnancy [AOR: 4.1, (95% CI: 2.21, 7.76)]. And among the place of exposure, public placernexposure showed a significant association with low birth weight with [AOR: 6.1 (95% CI: 3.56,rn10.65)]. rnConclusion and Recommendation: This study demonstrated a very high proportion of passivernsmoke exposure among women who gave birth at the public hospitals (mothers of the controls).rnAnd low birth weight is significantly associated with passive smoke exposure during pregnancy.rnLikewise, Public place exposure was the only passive smoke exposure predictor that showedrnassociation with low birth weight. Therefore Mothers should protect themselves from Passive Smoke Exposure during pregnancy primarily from exposure at public places, since it is amongrnpreventable risk factors for low birth weight.