Background: The burden of malaria in endemic locality is significantly affected by thernknowledge, attitude and practice of the community towards utilization of the available controlrnstrategies. The accessibility of health facilities with all necessary materials for malaria caserntreatment, the availability of vector control options may not necessarily bring about the desiredrnreduction in the burden of disease with out communitiesâ€™ knowledge about use of those controlrnstrategies.rn rnObjective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding malaria and itsrncontrol in a rural population of Shashemene Woreda. rnMethods: The study used a community based cross-sectional household survey that was carriedrnout from October 20, - November 20, 2010, in the rural areas of Shashemene Woreda in WestrnArsi Zone of Oromia Regional, South Ethiopia. All households in the malarious kebeles of thernworeda were randomly selected for the study. Both quantitative and qualitative researchrnmethods were used for data collection. A structured questionnaire for collecting sociodemographicrnrnand malaria-related information was administered to the head of the household orrnrepresentative living at least more than six months in that house or any family member with thernage greater than 18 years. rnResults: Of 542 households selected for the study, 529 households participated, yielding arnresponse rate of 97.6%. Most of the respondents (98.9%) were able to mention at least onernsymptom of malaria. Mosquito as a cause of malaria was recognized by majority of the rnrespondents (72.6%). Most of the households (79.4%) had insecticide-treated net (ITN) withrnutilization of 52%, the indoor residual spray coverage and re-plastering rate of the sprayedrnhouses were, 85.4% and 17.9% respectively. There was statistically significant association ofrnhigh malaria knowledge score with educational status (Adjusted OR 0.497, 95% CI 0.2970.832).rnrnIn addition adult age group specially 30-40yrs and owning radio at home werernsignificantly associated with treatment seeking behavior with in 24hrs (Adjusted OR: 2.609,rn95% CI 1. (1.131-6.019) and OR: 1.810(95% CI 1.014-3.233) respectively. Age group amongrnrespondents was observed statistically significant when the dependent variable was the use of ITN with (Crude OR=3.960, 95%CI 2.237-7.011) for age group