So far, the usual practice in Ethiopia to maintain concrete structures is simply plastering and maskingrnthe defects (ugly looking) without considering the structural aspect of the structure. But such activitiesrnshould not be called maintenance unless the overall condition of the concrete structure is regainedrnthrough the task accomplished. When the defects or a failure of the concrete structure is a bitrnexaggerated, demolishing and reconstruction was the best option and was practiced so far.rnIn concrete bridge failures, reconstruction of the structure instead of rehabilitation for every defect orrnfailure is very difficult in terms of money and construction. That is the amount of money involved forrnreconstruction of bridge is much and very expensive. In addition closing of the road may interruptrntraffic flow, which has significant impact on the economy of the country especially when the bridge isrnon the federal road. So rehabilitation or maintenance of concrete bridges become very crucial andrnmandatory to stop failure of bridges before reaching their design period and to avoid unnecessaryrnexpense to construct a new bridge instead of maintaining and lengthen the service life of the bridge.rnProper design and construction does not mean that the bridge will serve about its design life. Becausernlack of inspection and controlling with minor rehabilitation may make the bridge to fail before servingrnto its maximum capacity. So monitoring, inspection, and maintenance of every concrete bridge have tornbe done starting from construction day before failure, which leads to erection or construction of a veryrnexpensive new bridge.rnUnlike the practice we used to do before, concrete bridge rehabilitation techniques, materials andrnprocedures are burning and crucial issue now a day, being many of the bridges are reaching about theirrndesign life and need rehabilitation before failure. Considering the urgency of the issue, the universitiesrnin particular and the country in general with the respective parties have to think of the problem andrnparticipate on provision of possible solutions. Although not satisfactory or to the requirement of therncountry, Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) in collaboration with Japan International CooperationrnAgency (JICA) has maintained some bridges within the last five to eight years.rnConcrete bridge maintenance is not an easy task, because regaining the overall condition especially thernstructural strength of concrete bridge by simple plastering is difficult. So the use of differentrnadmixtures (modifying agents), additives (fine mineral powers) and epoxies is mandatory following thernprocedures and specifications given by the suppliers. At this time there are many suppliers for the constructionrncompany involved in maintenance or construction.rnConsidering the importance of concrete bridge rehabilitation on a national base currently, this study has done tornaddress the basic defects, causes of defects, materials for maintenance and possible techniques and proceduresrnof rehabilitation. It has also given some idea about rehabilitation, so that the respective sectors and researchersrncan have an assignment on the issue for further investigation and work.