The prevalence of streptococcus pneumonia in pneumonia patients using university of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu as a case study was carried out based on the fact of the pneumonia is one of the commonest afflictions of the aged people and children worldwide. A total of 50 samples were collected. 12 (24%) of the sample were from sputum while 38 (76%) were from nasopharyned swabs from children who can not produce sputum using sterilized disposable swab sticks. 12 (24%) of the patients were adults and 38 (76%) were children under the age of the. 29 (58%) of the patients were made while 21 (42%) were female. The media used for isolation of bacteria were blood agar and chocolate agar plates. This was followed by their appropriate biochemical tests 5 different organisms were isolated. They streptococcus pneumonia’s 13 (26%) staphylococcus 17 (34%) streptococcus viridian’s 3(6%) other staphylococcus species 6(12%) mixed growth of staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus specie 1(2%) and non –significant growth of staphylococci and streptococci 10(20%). This study shows that the frequency of staphylococcus aureus is prater than streptococcus pneumonia’s which was earlier regarded as the most common pathogen that cause pneumonia.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

Lists of table

List of figures

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Pathophysiology of bacterial pneumonia

1.2 Classification of pneumonia

1.3 Causes of pneumonia

1.4 Justification

1.5 Aims and objective

1.6 Hypothesis

1.7 Statement of problem

1.8 Diagnosis

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Litterateur review

2.1 Epidemiology of pneumonia

2.2 Actiologic Agents of pneumonia

2.3 Pathogenesis

2.4 Mode of Transmission

2.5 Risk group

2.6 mortality morbidity

2.7 Symptoms of pneumonia

2.8 Treatment / management

2.9 prevention

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials and Method

3.1 Material

3.2 Collection of Samples

3.3 Method of Sample Analysis

3.4 Biochemical test to identify bacteria

3.5 Antimicrobial susceptibility test

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 result

4.1 Sources of sample and type of bacteria isolated

4.2 Age and sex distribution

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Discussion conclusion

5.1 Discussion

5.2 conclusion

5.3 Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX 1

APPENDIX II

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: Appearance of the growth in the plates 18

TABLE 2: Characteristics of isolates 20

Table 3: Abbreviations 33

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE I: presentation of the age distribution of patients in pie chart. 20

FIGURE II: Presentation of the sex distribution of patients in pie chart 21

FIGURE III: Presentation of percentage of frequency of organization isolated in Bar chart. 22

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Bacterial an something cause severe infection in children the elderly and other people with weakened immune system is people that are more susceptible to infection because of an overal impairment of the immune response example Hiv infection chronic resease advanced aged and or function of defense mechanisms (example smoking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) tumours inhaled toxins and aspiration (Stephen 2002).

The trachea, bronchi and lungs are normally free from communal and potentially pathogenic bacteria, but when their reference are upset they are liable to be invaded by organization from the throat or nose (fraser, 1996) one of the commonest infection of the lower respiratory tract is pneumonia (Jawetz, et ,2001).

1.1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA

It is known that the inflammation of the lengs is called pneumonia it is pneumonia’s that result in the filling of alveoli with pus and fluid is called pneumonia (Naster et al 2001). Macrophages are numerous in the long issues and reality move into the alveoli and air ways to engaful infection