The 2004 resettlement program of the Regional State of Oromia carried out in Chewaka Settlement, lIu rnAbba Bora zone, has a noble goal of ensuring food self-sufficiency among the people located in chronically rnfood insecure areas of East and West Harerge zones of the region. This is a social study carried out in rnChewaka Resettlement Basically. the study in this state-sponsored intra-regional voluntary resettlement rnprogram focuses on issues related to the integration of the settlers into the social and physical environment rnin fheir attempt to be self-supporting citizens. The study tries to assess motIVation of the settlers,' rndifferentials between places of origin and places of destination; the social integration of settlers among rnthemselves and with the host community,' and adaptation of settlers to the physical environment. rnBased on the ethnographic data illustrated and discussed in the study, settlers in Chewaka were mobilized rnvoluntarily from the aforementioned drought and famine-stricken areas. The recruitments were successful rndue to the severity of the crises from time to time for a decade. However, the realization of the program in rnthe receiving area had not been found as simple as the selection and transferring of the displacees from rntheir home areas. Hence, the attainment of the very objectives of the program was obstructed by the rnchallenges particularly encountered at the initial resettling stage. rnIn fact, most of the misfortunes could have been avoided. if lessons drawn from previous programs had rnbeen utilized,' and advices of scholars in the field of study had been considered. As a result, all the rncommonly known impoverishments risks of resettlement programs have been registered in Chewaka rnNonetheless, the resilience and endurance of the settlers are very promising for the future. In general. the rnstudy highlights the factors that facilitate the revival of livelihoods and community life in new social and rnphysical settings.