Child sexual abuse is a complex social problem that threatened the well being ofrnchildren in our communities. It is the sale responsibilities of no one of the agencies orrngovernment rather every member of our society has to be concerned about it in view of safernguarding the future of growing children. The problem seems to persist in the society despiternthe lack of attention due to cultural, traditional and religious factors that considers it a taboornand restrains people from openly addressing the issue. Recent studies have showed that boyrnchildren sexual abuse is among the social problems in Addis Ababa and other major towns ofrnthe country. Reports of the studies uncovered the causes of male children sexual abuse, thernimpacts on the well being of abused children and interventions to address the problem.rnThis research, besides extending the findings of previous studies, will investigate howrnsocial systems and institutions and the change in the social structure either contributed for thernprevalence of or failed to address the needs and rights of abused children. It will look into thernmajor causes, consequences of the problem, how existingfacilities responded and itsrnimplication for social work practice as a growing discipline in Ethiopia. The study hasrndescribed the problem based on the information generated from reported data to the police,rnadministration of questionnaire to 21 abused children, and by complementing the informationrnwith an in-depth interview held with four victim children and young persons.rnHence, it isfound out that the family which is responsible for character formation andrnsoc1alization is challenged with problems of adjustment with changing environment. Itrncouldn 't properly control and guide growing children who become either abusers or victims ofrnsexual abuse. Other institutions like the legal system as part of the larger social system are notrnfound to be functioning properly to protect children from abuses. On the other hand, abusedrnchildren have encountered serious psychosocial, physical and emotional problems and inrnsome cases the abuse has influenced their sexual behaviour.rnInterventions pertaining to the empowerment offamilies, and strengtheningfacilitiesrnavailable,for children would help to prevent the problem from further expansion and tornestablish effective responses to abused children. Social work interventions should focus onrnmezzo and macro level interventions whose effects will likely trickle down to support servicesrnto individuals