HIV infection is the greatest risk factor for acquiring TB infection and developing TB.rnTB enhances HIV replication by accelerating the natural evolution of HIV infection andrnit is the most leading cause of sickness and death of PLWHIV. The objective of this studyrnis to assess the survival and risk factors of HIV/TB co-infected patients in Ambo hospital,rnwest Shoa zone in Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. This is a retrospective study based onrncases of HIV-infected TB patients of age 15 years and above who have started anti-TBrntreatment between September 1, 2006 and August 31, 2011 and followed until Februaryrn29, 2012. To analyze the data descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analysesrnwere used. The descriptive analysis indicates that out of the total 501 individuals,rn79(15.8%) are death cases, of which 31 (39.2%) and 49 (62%) deaths occurred within sixrnand nine months of TB treatment start. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimaternthe survival time and Coxâ€™s regression model was employed to identify the covariatesrnthat have a statistical significant effect on the survival of HIV/TB co-infected patients.rnThe estimation of the model parameters was done by partial maximum likelihoodrnprocedures. The multivariate analysis of Cox regression model gives that initial weight,rnTB site, WHO clinical stage, functional status and CD4 count are significant risk factorsrnof survival of HIV/TB co-infected patients. Furthermore the patients with lower initialrnweight, lower CD4 count, WHO stage III and IV, being ambulatory and bedridden arernassociated with higher risk of death