The main purpose of this study was to examine level of academic achievement and factorsrnaffecting the academic achievement of 2nd cycle primary school evening program femalernstudents in Addis Ababa City Administration. This survey study was carried in fourrngovernment and non government primary schools employing multi stage sampling.rnQuantitative and qualitative research methods were employed in scrutinizing thernproblem. Documents, questionnaires, interview and group discussions were employed torncollect multi-dimension data. Quantitative data were analyzed primarily throughrnemploying descriptive statistics like percentage, mean and standard deviation andrninferential statistics like t-test. The qualitative data that were collected throughrninterviews, group discussions and open-ended questions, were examined through coding,rncategorization and thematic analysis. The findings of the study show that female studentsrnacademically perform less when compared to their counterpart male students in bothrnclass and primary school leaving examination. The achievement of students in classrnexamination and Primary School Leaving Examination showed immense differenceshighrnin the former and very low in the latter. Among the potential variables identified,rnboth quantitative and qualitative data verified that students and teachers behaviorsrnhighly contributed for female students' low achievement and followed by socio-economic,rnschool and social characteristics. To overcome the problem and enhance the academicrnachievement of evening program female student, paying due attention for eveningrnprogram education in general and for female students is crucially important.rnImplementation of direction for evening program education, close-up supervision andrnsupport, motivating teachers who involved in this program, developing students selfconcept,rnimproving the awareness of the society on the importance of evening educationrnin supplementing the regular education system is paramount important