The major purpose of the study was to undertake the assessment on thernobjective condition of primary education, there by to identify the problems thatrna ffec t t h e effort to universalize primary education a nd to outline measures to berntaken to stren gthen the progress of the goal set to be met by 2015. Based onrnt his, a n a lyzin g th e status of primary education with res pect to Oromia region, isrnvery important to decide up on future goals which are intended to meet.rnParticularly to provide primary education to a ll children of the official schoolrnadmission age, evalu ating the activities so far accomplis hed helps to identify therncauses for prevailing problems and enables to formu la te corrective stra tegies.rnThe research design employed in this study was descriptive survey. Researchrnquestionnaires were prepared and ad ministered to 330 responden ts selectedrnfrom regional education bureau, zonal edu cation department, woredarneducational office and schools of which 284 of the questionnaires were properlyrnfilled and returned. The zones and woredas were sampled by stratified samplingrntechnique to include a ll diversified variab les that may have influence on therntopic understudy. The data collected was analyzed using some statistical toolsrnlike percentage a nd mean, chi- square, t-test, and one- way ANOVA test.rnThe major finding of the study indicates in the Zones where community a ndrnNGOs were strongly participating in the provision of education, the access tornedu cation increases, however, it h as not been done in a systematic andrncoordinated manner. Shurtage of accessibility of schools, absence of attentionrna nd lack of priority to bring children of seven years of age to schools, illiteratesrnamong many parents and their low living conditions , harmful traditionalrnpractices are factors that had stron g influence on the attainment of UPE goal .rnIn add ition to these, the scarcity of financial resources and human resourcerncapacities, and the drop-pout of students before acquiring the requiredrnKnowledge from primary level are among the major reasons expected to bernattributed to the failure of the goal of universalizing primary education in th ernOromia Region .rnThe study su ggested that, these problem s a nd in the request for m ee ting UPE,rnthe study recommended that it demands to work with determination in a llrnaspects: in increasing apparent intake rate and n et intake rate , decreasingrndropouts, improving equity of access of education and assuring education a lrnfinance. The recommendations made for address ing this mi ssion are realizationrnof awareness program, advocacy, involvement of political body and the public,rnexpanding alternative basic education, construction of schools a n d supply ofrneducation materials, stren gthening educational organ ization a n d management.