Viability Of Solarwind And Hybrid Water Pumping System For Off-grid Rural Areas In Ethiopia

The tendency to use renewable energy resources has grown continuously over the pastrnfew decades, be it due to fear over warnings of global warming or because of therndepletion and short life of fossil fuels or even as a result of the interest which hasrndeveloped among researchers doing scientific research into it. This work can bernconsidered as joining any of these groups with an objective of supplying drinking water tornthe society living in rural areas of the country.rnThe aim of this research is to study the Viability of solar/wind and hybrid water pumpingrnsystem to remotely located communities detached from the main grid line in Ethiopia.rnThree regions of Ethiopia selected for the study; there solar and wind energy potentialrndetermined based on the data of National Metreology Services Agency (NMSA) andrnNASA satellite data. The regions are Tigray, Amhara and Oromia. In addition, for hybridrnwater pumping system Afar region included. Generally, in this study four geographicallyrndifferent regions considered for standalone solar /wind and hybrid water pumping system.rnOne potential site selected from each regions for solar photovoltaic water pumpingrnsystem. From Amhara region Siadeberand Wayu site with an latitude 9º46' N, longitudern39º40' E and altitude 3009 m a.s.l; from Oromia region wolmera site with latitude 9º13'rnN, longitude 38º39' E and altitude 2400 m a.s.l and from Tigray region Enderta site withrnlatitude 13º48' N, longitude 39º55' E and altitude 2247 m a.s.l. PVsyst 5.56 software usedrnto study the feasibility of solar photovoltaic water pumping system. The designed systemrnis capable of providing a daily average of 10.5, 7 and 6.5 m3/day for 700, 467 and 433rnpeople in Siadberand Wayu, Wolmera and Enderta sites respectively. Average radiationrndetermined from the data used as an input for software The output of the simulation ofrnsolar photovoltaic water pumping expressed in terms of annual water delivered ,rnmissing water, excess ( unused) PV energy, and system efficiency during the year (rnperformance ratio) and economic analysis expressed by global investment, yearly costrnand cost of water pumped.rnViability of Solar/Wind and Hybrid Water Pumping System for Off-Grid Rural Areas in EthiopiarnMisrak G. iiirnSimilarly, one potential site selected from each regions for wind power water pumpingrnsystem. From Amhara region Siadeberand Wayu site with an latitude 9º46' N, longitudern39º40' E and altitude 2625 m a.s.l; from Oromia region Adami Tulu Site with latitudern7º52' N, longitude 38º42' E and altitude 1665 m a.s.l and from Tigray region East Endertarnsite with latitude 13º42' N, longitude 39º37' E and altitude 1926 m a.s.l. The design resultsrnshow that a 5.7 m diameter windmill is required for pumping water from boreholernthrough a total head of 75, 66 and 44 m for Siyadberand Wayu, Adami Tulu and EastrnEnderta to meet the daily water demand of 10, 12 and 15 m3, respectively.rnMATLAB software was used for simulation of the performance of the selected windrnpump and the result showed that monthly water discharge is proportional to the monthlyrnaverage wind speed at the peak monthly discharge of 685 m3 in June,888 m3 in May andrn1203 m3 in March for Siyadberand Wayu , Adami Tulu and East Enderta sites,rnrespectively. An economic comparison was carried out, between windmill and dieselrnwater pumping system using LCC (life cycle cost) analysis method and the results showrnthat windmill water pumping systems more feasible than Diesel systems.rnIn this research, a hybrid (solar/wind) water pumping system capable of supplying 20 m3rnof water per day for 1000 people with average daily water consumption of 20 liter perrnperson at a total head of 50, 75 and 100 m has been designed. The feasibility study ofrnhybrid water pumping system was carried out by selecting four sites from three differentrnadministration regions. Atsbi site from Tigray region, Awash Fentale site From Afar,rnBorena and Adami Tulu site from Oromia region. The system consists of tworntechnologies: wind pump and solar pump. The MATLAB software was used to study thernfeasibility of hybrid water pumping system for the selected sites.rnComparison of unit cost of water shows that Standalone PV and Windmill system arerneconomically optimal compared to the hybrid system.

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