The main purpose of this study was to make an investigation into some of thernfactors that affect the roles and responsibilities of primary education femalernprincipals and to give recommendations so as to enhance their performances. Thernstudy was conducted in East Hararge Zone in Oromia. To meet the objective of thernstudy, both internal and external variables were treated. These included the effectrnof s ocietal stereotyped attitudes, Job-family conflicts. In addition, leadership stylesrnof male and f emale principals, and strategies to be employed to improve thernfemale principals' work perJonnance were considered. In this zone, there were 51rnprimary education female principals and all of them were included in the study.rnBesides, 40 male principals, 50 female teachers, 30 male teachers, 9 WEO heads,rn9 WEO supervisors and 9 WEO women's affairs were also included in the study.rnQuestionnaire and Interview were used to collect the necessary data. Obtainedrndata were analyzed using statistical tools of p ercentage, mean, Chi-Square, Ttest,rnstandard deviation and one-way ANOVA. The result of the study indicatesrnthat there are s till stereotypical views considering f emales to have less capacity,rnand thus, expecting to gain the support of males in some aspects. The dual role ofrnprincipal women would obviously share their thought, energy and time. Thus, itrncould negatively affect their leadership qualities in school. In addition, thernobserved result concerning difference in the managerial qualities between menrnand female principals showed no difference in the dimensions the groups we rernassessed. It was evidenced that women exhibit good qualities of Schoolrnleadership. Finally, coordinating discussion and experience sharing forums,rnspecial s upervisory support for women principals, allocating page portionsrn(column) of educational publications and mass-media to f emale principals'rnachievements; s ocietal loyalty, the role of civic s ocieties and NGO were forwardedrnas major recommendations in order to help improve the p elfo171wnce of femalernschool principals .