Design And Simulation Of The Distributer And Nozzle Of A Micro Hydro Pelton Turbine

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Pelton turbine is a type of hydraulic turbine in which energy carried by water is converted intornkinetic energy by providing nozzle at the end of the penstock. The performance of this turbinerndepends on the nozzle shape and the distributer. In this paper attempts were made to study therneffect of different nozzle shapes, nozzle angle, distributer bend, split angle, spear shape andrnspear angle. rnCATIA V5 and Ansys Fluent software were used to design and analysis of the numericalrnsimulation for all the models developed. For the design and simulation of nozzle andrndistributer, a jet diameter of 54.4mm, flow rate of 0.14mrn3rn/s and the total head of 50m were rntaken. And also the nozzle angle of (30-45) in degree and the spear angle of (20-25) in degreesrnwere fed to Ansys and then it generates 82 samples. So, the effect of each angle in the rangernwas analyzed. The value obtained from Ansys parameter correlation depicts that nozzle anglernof 30 degree and spear angle of 20 degree gives maximum efficiency. And finally the variationrnof blocking distance on efficiency and performance of the intended result was critical, samplernvalues in mm from (0-93) was evaluated and best performance was found at blocking distancernof 80mm. And more over, as the flow rate varies seasonally or due to flow rate regulation,rnranges of flow rate in mrn3rn/s from 0.1 up to 0.009 per single nozzle was considered for the rnbaseline and optimal design.rnResults obtained from numerical simulation on contours of static pressure, contours of velocityrnmagnitude, and velocity vectors were colored inside the fluid interior for all models. So therncomparison and analysis made on the model is based on the color magnitude on the legend barrnof velocity and pressure. The result showed that, increasing the pipe diameter of distributerrnresults in the reduction of head loss. However, since the optimal diameter is 142 mm, furtherrnincrement in pipe diameter increases the cost of pipe. The other critical and notable factor tornmention from the study was the nozzle angle and nozzle efficiency. i.e. As the nozzle anglernincreases the nozzle efficiency decreases due to back flow at the exit of the nozzle. In the end,rnincreasing pipe diameter of distributer decreases the hydraulic energy inside the nozzle.rnThe performance of the nozzle at different flow rate and different closing distance werernanalyzed and efficiency of 96.8 % was achieved. Finally after the nozzle and distributerrnoptimized separately, then by integrating both components i.e. distributer and nozzle and theirrnsimulation were analyzed and 96.5% efficiency was obtained.

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Design And Simulation Of The Distributer And Nozzle Of A Micro Hydro Pelton Turbine

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