Prevalence And Determinants Of Hypertension Among Civil Servants In Kano State Nigeria

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD)worldwide. The proportion of the global burden of disease attributable to hypertension hassignificantly increased from about 4.5 per cent in 2000 to 7 per cent in 2010. This makeshypertension the single most important cause of morbidity and mortality globally and highlightsthe urgent need of action to address the problem.Aim of the study was to assess level of awareness and knowledge, determine the prevalence,modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of hypertension among civil servants in Kano State.Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in which 520 respondents were recruited usingmulti-stage sampling technique. Modified WHO-STEPS semi-structured intervieweradministered questionnaire was adapted for the study. Data was collected on Knowledge, sociodemographics,Behavioural, Physical (Anthropometric measurements) and biochemicalvariables. Blood pressure was measured and 5mls of blood was collected to determine the bloodsugar and lipid profile. Data was analysed using Epi-info version 3.5.4.Of the 520 respondents, males were 438(84.2%) while 82(15.8%) are females. The age ofrespondents ranged from 18- 65 with a mean of 43 ± 9.9- years. Highest level of education was170 (32.7%) and median income of N50,000 (N12,000-350000). The prevalence of Systolic andDiastolic hypertension were 138(26.5%) and 183(35.2%), diabetes mellitus 30(5.8%), Obesity48(9.2%) and overweight 142(27.3%). Generally knowledge of determinants and risk factors waspoor among respondents as only 0.8% had a good knowledge. Being male and hypertensive (OR:1.14; 95% CI: 0.66-1.98), being diabetic and hypertensive (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 0.90-4.09), beingolder than 40years and having systolic hypertension (OR: 4.80; 95% CI: 2.81-8.21), being acurrent smoker and hypertensive (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.04-3.12) were found to be significant riskfactors for hypertension a major cardiovascular disease. Multivariate analysis revealed being older than 40 years (AOR: 4.10; 95% CI: 2.44 - 7.11), having BMI >30(AOR: 2.47; 95% CI:1.57 - 3.66), lack of physical activity (AOR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.24 - 5.04), high serum uric acid(AOR: 3.21; 95% CI: 1.55- 6.59) as independent risk factors of hypertension.The study revealed low level of knowledge on hypertension which is a major cardiovascular riskfactor among study participants. A BMI greater than 30(obesity), lack of vigorous physicalactivity were the major modifiable risk factor while age greater than 40 years was found to bethe non-modifiable risk factor of hypertension among the civil servants of Kano State. It isrecommended that Sensitization Campaigns of civil servants to embark on regular medicalcheckups and exercises.Key Words: Hypertension, Prevalence, Determinants, Cardiovascular Disease, Civil servants,Kano

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