Analysis Of Lead In Commonly Used Eyeliners And Associated Blood Lead Changes

An effort was made to study the chemical composition of commonly used eyeliners in Zaria and Kano, and to study the associated blood lead changes in patients attending Ahmadu Bello University Sick Bay and Ahmadu Bello university Teaching Hospital Zaria, for various medical ailments. Physicochemical methods were used to analyse the Kuali samples. The colour (grey and black for white and black Kuali respectively), physical appearance (solid), and melting/decomposition point of the Kuali samples has been noted. The composition of the Kuali samples had. been ascertained on the basis of classical analysis, spot tests and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results of the atomic absorption spectrophotometry revealed the presence of lead zinc, copper, antimony, tin, arsenic, manganese, cadmium, silver, iron and nickel. Volumetric and gravimetric analyses were performed for the estimation of nonmetals. The nonmetals found were fluoride, chloride, bromide and sulphur. The concentration of lead in each of the four samples is low compared with other metals in the samples. Sulphur has the highest concentration in all the nonmetals present. Blood-lead concentrations were measured in thirty patients of whom twenty were using kuali and ten were nonusers of it. The mean blood lead concentration of the twenty people using the kuali is 90.05 ug100ml-1 compared with 29.70 uglOOml-1 in the ten people who are not using the kuali.

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