Analysis Of Lead In Commonly Used Eyeliners And Associated Blood Lead Changes

An effort was made to study the chemicalcomposition of commonly used eyeliners in Zaria andKano, and to study the associated blood lead changesin patients attending Ahmadu Bello University Sick Bayand Ahmadu Bello university Teaching Hospital Zaria,for various medical ailments.Physicochemical methods were used to analyse theKuali samples. The colour (grey and black for whiteand black Kuali respectively), physical appearance(solid), and melting/decomposition point of the Kualisamples has been noted. The composition of the Kualisamples had. been ascertained on the basis of classicalanalysis, spot tests and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The results of the atomic absorption spectrophotometryrevealed the presence of lead zinc, copper, antimony,tin, arsenic, manganese, cadmium, silver, iron and nickel.Volumetric and gravimetric analyses were performedfor the estimation of nonmetals. The nonmetals foundwere fluoride, chloride, bromide and sulphur.The concentration of lead in each of the foursamples is low compared with other metals in thesamples. Sulphur has the highest concentration in allthe nonmetals present. Blood-lead concentrations were measured inthirty patients of whom twenty were using kualiand ten were nonusers of it. The mean blood leadconcentration of the twenty people using the kualiis 90.05 ug100ml-1 compared with 29.70 uglOOml-1in the ten people who are not using the kuali.

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