Pharmacognostic Studies And The Effects Of Chlorophyllum Molybdites (meyerf.) Masses (agaricaceae) On Isolated Rabbit Jejunum And Guinea Pig Ileum

ABSTRACTMushroom poisoning by Chlorophyllum molybdites /Meyer:Fr (Agaricaceae) is a seriousproblem that has caused a lot of death due to improper identification. C. molybdites foundin Zaria Nigeria was investigated to identify the morphological and microscopic features,the secondary metabolites present, the toxicxiy in rats and mice, and also to investigate theeffect of the methanolic extract on rabbit and guinea pig jejunum . The externalmorphology of the pileus showed a whitish domed shaped pileus (brittle texture and thesurface bumpy at the centre) with diameter of 5 – 12 cm and a whitish flesh of 1 – 3 cmthick and light brownish patches. Light brownish patches were observed on the scaly pileuswith the edges showing radiating lines that follow the lines of the gills. The surface isbumpy and the flesh approximately 1.3 cm thick with a brittle texture. The lamellae wasgreenish in colour and was at the underside of the cap like pages in a book. It was closelypacked on the inside of the cap and had thickness of approximately 1cm from the pileus tothe edge the lamellae. The stipe is 1 – 2 cm thick, whitish greyish brown in colour andslightly curved at the base. It has a brittle texture and a smooth surface. The spores on thelamellae were fine greenish powder with greenish colour which changes to brown onstorage. The spore print had a diameter of 6.8 – 12.3 cm. The spores of C. molybdites wasamyloid. The physical constants revealed a moderate total ash value of 4.0% , acidinsoluble ash of 0.43%, water soluble and alcohol soluble extractive values were 10.34%and 7.15% respectively. The TLC was done with different solvent system; n-butanol: aceticacid: water in ratio, (4:1:5), Hexane : Ethylacetate in the ration (9:1), Chloroform :Ethylacetate in the ration (2:3) and Chloroform : Ethylacetate : methanol : water (8:15:4:1)chromatograph reveals 5 spots with the solvent system n-butanol: acetic acid: H2O (4:1:5)viiwith Ethylacetate : methanol : water (8:15:4:1) and n-butanol: acetic acid: water (4:5:1)being the best solvent system given a total of 5 spots each when sprayed with 10%sulphuric acid and Dragendorff reagent. With Ninhydrine reagent, it showed two spots (nbutanol:acetic acid:Water (4:5:1)). The TLC indicates the presence of highly polarconstituents. The methanolic extract of Cholrophyllym molybdite is moderately toxic withLD50 of 288.53mg/kg and 471mg/kg in rats and mice respectively. The extract also possesssmooth muscle contractile effect on the intestinal smooth muscle on both rabbit jujenumand guinea pig ilium mediated via both muscarinic and histaminergic mechanisms. Thefindings from this investigation are useful in preparation of the monograph of thismacrofungi.TABLE OF

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