Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis Of Waste To Energy Recovery In Nifas Silk Lafto Subcity Addis Ababa (as A Component In The Context Of Integrated Solid Waste Management

Addis Ababa current solid waste management system is in crisis and faces importantrnpolitical, geographical and environmental challenges that make it nonsustainable.rnTherefor there is an urgent need to move towards an integrated solid wasternmanagement that includes modern alternatives, such as waste-to- energy recoveryrn(WTER). In a sustainable development approach, waste should be regarded as a resourcernfor materials and energy recovery and not simply as a product for disposal.rnThe objective of this research is to propose an integrated solid waste management forrnlafto sub city that focuses on the use of WTER as the key component. This study offers arncost benefit analysis of one WTER plant that will serve Lafto sub city.rnThe mass burn technology of the martin reverse –acting grate was selected for a WTERrnplant of capacity of 1000 metric tones /day but for the case of lafto sub city it is modifiedrnto accept small amount of solid waste. This plant will provide 540 kg/ton of MSW of netrncharcoal out put to utilities.rnThe cost-benefit analysis indicated that at the assumed benefits from charcoal production,rnliquid bi-product and inorganic part of solid waste the project has a positive Net PresentrnValue (NPV) of $9,049,949 at a 9% discount rate, therefore the project should bernundertaken. The initial investment would be paid back in 4 years while the WTER plantrnwould have a useful life of at least 30 years. Thus, the sensitivity analysis showed that thernWTER facility could charge a significantly lower cost than current dumping system andrnstill have a positive NPV. However, a very small increase or decrease in the charcoalrnprice or heating value can make a dramatic difference in profitability.rnBefore the construction of the plant, the none-quantifiable impacts such as thernenvironmental, social and economic factors must be carefully examined. The perceptionrnof air pollution associated with the incinerators of the past and the location of the WTERrnplant are factors that could generate opposition from the host community. On the otherrnhand, modern Waste-to-Energy Recovery plants have been shown to result in a dramaticrndecrease in air emissions in comparison to dumping site. Also, their emissions are muchrnbelow the EPA standards and lower than coal power plant emissions. In addition, thernlocation of a WTER plant will be closer to the municipality than the present dumpingrnsite. This will reduce truck travel and diesel emissions to the atmosphere, and arnsignificant reduction in generated smog. Overall, the non-quantifiable benefits seem tornoverweight the non-quantifiable costs, therefore supporting the construction of a WTERrnplant for Lafto sub city, Addis Ababa. The community would have to be educated aboutrnthese issues.rnConsidering that the current waste management situation in lafto sub city is almostrnidentical to the rest of Addis Ababa, the possibilities of WTER as a widespread solutionrnfor waste management are very promising.rnAddis Ababa’s city government should implement an integrated solid waste managementrnsystem that would perfectly solve the problem arising from solid wastes. Addis Ababarncity government has already started recycling solid wastes. This decreases the amount ofrnsolid wastes that will disposed to the dumping site. In addition, the WTER plant proposed

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