Participatory appraisal and conventional veterinary investigation methods were applied tornvalidate Borana pastoralistsâ€™ knowledge on cattle disease and to investigate the epidemiology ofrnFoot and Mouth disease (FMD), respectively in Borana pastoral production system of SouthernrnEthiopia. Furthermore, determination of seroprevalence of FMD and assessment of associatedrnrisk factors (including serotyping of the circulating FMD virus) were conducted. Thernparticipatory methods used were clinical observation, matrix scoring, proportional piling, andrnseasonal calendars. Seroepidemiological investigations were performed using 3ABC ELISA andrnliquid phase blocking ELISA techniques.rnThe analysis of matrix scoring showed good level of agreement (W= 0.569-0.956) among the 12rninformant groups for the disease indicators. Borana Pastoralists descriptions of cattle diseasesrnmuch overlap with modern veterinary descriptions. The result of proportional piling indicatedrnthat about 41% of cattle population suffered from various diseases and 8.8% died in the past onernyear (FMD recorded the highest incidence of 16.1% and mortality of 1.1%). Calves recorded thernhighest mean incidence of clinical FMD (Hoyale; 18.5%), While lowest in chronic FMDrn(Gandille; 0.2%). Clinical FMD caused the highest mortality (2.8%) in calves compared to adultsrn(0.3%). According to the seasonal calendar, the highest incidence of acute FMD (Hooyale) wasrnrecorded during the long dry season (Bonna) compared to cold dry season (Hagayya).rnThe overall seroprevalence of FMD was 21% (n = 920), herd infection rate, on the other hand,rnwas 59% (n = 116). Significantly higher herd seroprevalence was recorded in Yabello districtrn(61%), followed by Dirre (59%) and Moyale (52) districts. Similarly, Yabello district recordedrnthe highest FMD seroprevalence (26.1%) on animal basis. From the various risk factors analyzed,rnPeasant Associations (PAs), herd size, sex and age were seen to be significantly associatedrn(P