Quality Assessment Of Rural Drinking Water Supply Schemes From Source To -point Of- Use. (a Case Study Of Adaa Woreda In Oromia Regional State Of Ethiopia).

The poor quality of drinking water leads to water related diseases. The study was carried out torndetermine drinking water quality supply schemes of rural Ada‟a Woreda at the source and pointrnof use by assessing current water service that provided to the household. Total 36 water samplesrnwere collected from different sources and household (point -of -use). The PH, Turbidity, TotalrnDissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Fluoride, Nitrate, Total Hardness,rnCalcium and Magnesium Hardness, Phosphate and Microbiological (Total Coliform andrnC.coliform/CFU) of the samples were determined using laboratory analysis. The result was thenrncompared with the WHO and Ethiopian water quality standards.rnResults:- show that improved water supply schemes of woreda did not contain total coliform orrnE.coli at source level except one sample (SW-7 which contained total coliform of 8 cfu/100ml)rnwhich might be due to poorly maintained and crack damaged of the apron. However, water atrnpoint -of-use (household) from both shallow well and deep wells-indicates a decline inrnbacteriological level (0-57cfu/100ml T.C and 0-50cfu/100ml E.C) as compared to water at thernsource level. High record of calcium in two sources (S7 & S9 in Katella Kebele) which werern81.8 mg/l and 96.5 mg/l respectively observed which is greater than the recommended value ofrnWHO and National Standard (75mg/l). In addition, high fluoride content was relatively observedrnin Dirre shoki kebele.rnIn conclusion, significant effect of technologies (shallow well and deep well) on water quality atrnthe sources was not observed. In addition, high bacteriological level was investigated at the pointrnof use as compared at the source; this might be attributed to water handling problems. Thus,rnchemical treatment at point-of-use is suggested as an appropriate solution to eliminate any postsourcerncontaminations. In addition, it is also recommended that the future work has to be done tornmodify existing water development strategies by considering water quality at point-of-use.rnMoreover, awareness must be created about water; hygiene and sanitation (WASH) for ruralrncommunities to reduce water related disease.rnKey words:-Water Quality Assessment at source and Household, Physicochemical andrnMicrobial parameters, WHO Standard, Water-Related Disease &Ada’a Woreda, Ethiopia.

Get Full Work

Report copyright infringement or plagiarism