he study on the population status of Swayne's hartebeest was carried out in Senkelernwayne's hartebeest Sanctuary. The ground total count was 283 and 351 during thernret and dry seasons, respectively. The population number increased during the dryrneason because of calving of large number of adult-females. Illegal resourcernxploitation, loss of wildlife habitat, increasing number of settlers and overstockingrnate of livestock are the major problems encountered. Such activities resulted inrnonflict and wildlife depletion. Four selected Peasant Associations, 220 householdrn.amples were identified for interview and group discussion. Overstocking rate ofrnivestock and human pressure in the Sanctuary are the main source of human-wildlifern:onflict in the area. Among the respondents, 58.18% faced crop damage at variousrnevels. Crop damage was not the primary source of conflict in the area, but the level ofrniamage varying significantly between villages. Swayne's hartebeest, vervet monkey,rnNarthog and porcupine were blamed for the damage. However, warthog wasrn:onsidered as the major notorious pest. Most respondents had a negative attituderntowards conservation measures. Lack of free access to grazing area and interest tornsettle in the wildlife area are the main reasons. Attitudes were significantly related tornlocally perceived benefits, education, family size and age of the settlers. The perceptionrnof the local people in conserving and managing the resources is completely differentrncompared to the views of staff members of the Sanctuary.rnKey words: Human-wildlife conflict, Senkele Swayne's Hartebeest Sanctuary, livestock,rnattitude, conservation.