A survey aimed to study species composition, seasonal abundance and infection rate ofrnphlebotomine sandfly species were carried out in a village called Diteta, where new cases ofrnvisceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been recently observed by researchers and healthrncenters/hospitals in the region. Sandfly densities monitored for six months (January-June, 2012)rnusing CDC light traps and sticky paper traps yielded a total of 8091 sandflies belong to two genera:rngenus Phlebotomus (n=118) and genus Sergentomyia (n=7873). Three Phlebotomus speciesrnrepresenting two subgenera; Anaphlebotomus (P. rodhaini) and Synphlebotomus (P. martini and P.rnceliae) together with ten Sergentomyia species in three subgenera were identified.rnAmong Phlebotomus species, P. (An.) rodhaini and P. (Sy.) martini were shown similar abundancernwith a slight dominance of the former species and P. celiae were the least. Five Sergentomyiarnspecies: S. (Sergentomyia.) schewtzi, S. (Se.) bedfordi, and S. (Sintonius) suberecta, S.rn(Parratomyia.) africana and S. (Se.) antennata were the most common species. A relative increasernin population of the three Phlebotomus species were observed during the wet season (March-May)rnof the year. Fluctuations in sandfly densities were seen in four most common Sergentomyia speciesrnduring the six month period with highest densities during the dry months (January-February andrnJune) whereas S. suberecta had its peak in wet month (May).rnA marked habitat preference was observed in all Phlebotomus species collected by both traps. Therntermite mounds were found to be most preferable habitat for all Phlebotomus as well as for mostrnSergentomyia species. However, the observation of low densities of all three Phlebotomus duringrnthe study period does not seem to explain adequately the occurrence of( VL) in the area. Morerndetailed epidemiological and entomological studies are thus required to reveal the real (VL )situationrnin the area.