CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:
Multinational Corporation is used by people both in the business and non business sectors, to some people it means a Fairly big firm that has about five or six branches in a state, while others see it as a big firm that has branches in all the states or divisions of a country. According to Prasad & Shetty, (1976) “Multinational corporations are firms that operate effectively under different national sovereignties”. They further stress that multinational corporations are such firms that must cope with wide variations in economic conditions, different values and cultural systems and wide geographical separation.
This definition, multinational corporations are large firms that operate in different parts of the world, but most of the times have one acclaimed headquarters, situated in a place it was first established. There are various multinational corporations both in Nigeria and abroad.
However, For the purpose of this research works, the researcher is using Exxonmobil oil producing Nigeria at Eket, Akwa-Ibom State. it is of note to
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mention that multinational corporations operating in foreign hands must respect the tunes and dictates of the host government or face expropriation. By the nature of their operation, multinational corporations must cope not only with more complex organizational structure but with far more elaborate and sensitive
array of environment variables than domestic operations have these corporations are seen as giants amongst economic entities and primarily because of their size, economic power, efficiency, stability, dynamism, flexibility and quite often a technological oligopoly. Elwood (1979), said that the size and scope of multinational corporations within many developing nations often bring about significant social changes that disrupt or counteract social programmes and goals of host government.
Multinational corporations are known for their exploitative tendencies in developing countries. There has been lots of accusation by concerned African countries that these corporations are only out to suck dry the natural and human resources of poor African countries without correspondingly compensating them or showing appreciation in return. Despite the fact that these corporations exploit these African countries and realize huge profits from their business operations, it is difficult for saying they satisfy the yearnings and aspiration of the communities where they operate in terms of business social responsibility.
Offlang (1980) asserts that, going by the concept of imperialism and dependency as characterized by the exploitation of the developing countries by the west and as manifested by the infiltration of western capital into poor African countries,
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one can categorically say that the contribution of these multinational corporations to the community development is not encouraging. This is evidenced by public out-cry for compensation by
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Communities where these corporation arc operating due to the 1ct that these communities provide the needed raw materials for that operation.
At times these communities after waiting patiently for these. corporations to meet their social demands without any response, take the law into their hands to show Their resentments. It is note to stress that the oil producing communities are the ones which are supposed to benefit more From Multinational Corporation involve in oil exploration in such areas. Intact these oil exploration corporations should provide lots of social amenities like pipe bore water, electricity, good roads, recreational facilities and host of others to these communities. The corporation social activities to these communities should extend to the areas of employment, scholarship and other incentives.
In further expressing my view on the fact that the oil producing communities should benefit more from oil exploration multinational corporations that are operating in such of the pollution and other hazards caused these communities due to oil drilling. These are cases, which due to oil spillage a lot of aquatic animals die and the seawater becomes bad and poisonous thereby causing untold hardship on such communities.
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1.2. STATEMENTOFTHE PROBLEM
As a result of the hazards and exploitation of multinational corporations on the communities in which they are operating, it is important for them to show a serious concern in terms of being socially responsible to these communities.
However, it is difficult for one to. Say that a particular corporation
has contributed adequately to the development of a particular
Community because development encompasses many things ranging from the provision of infrastructural facilities, employment, scholarships and .a lot more. Communities cry out of neglect, lack of appreciation and insufficient compensation by corporations that are operating in their areas.
The corporations on their pa refute- this claim by saying that they have responded adequately to their social needs. The researcher also notice a problem of disparity between the corporation and the community as to who have fulfill his promise of providing social infrastructures and economic benefit (or) whether the community is satisfied with what the corporation has so far done to the community.