With rapid increases in population and continuing expectations of growth in the standardrnof living, pressure on natural resource use have become intense . The task of effectivernresource allocation is of paramount importance for natural resource management. In thisrnstudy, land use land cover dynamics and vegetation vulnerability mapping of Arsi Negelernwereda have been produced using GIS and Remote Sensing, as a decision support in thernrealm of resource allocation.rnThe land use/land cover condition of the study area have been spatially compared usingrnmulti temporal analysis of four episodic satellite images;1973 MSS,1986 TM ,2000rnETM+ and 2006 ASTER . Vegetation vulnerability map of the study area have beenrnproduced using multi criteria decision evaluation. Four model parameters: proximity tornroad, slope, proximity to settlement, and land use management have been used to run thernvulnerability model. Moreover, fragmentation index and landscape diversity index havernbeen used, in order to study the land use structural change of the landscape.rnThe result of multitemporal imagery has depicted that the study area has undergone arnseries of land degradation from 1973 up to 2006. During this time, the lakes have shrunk,rnthe high forest and the acacia wood land have decreased, whereas, cultivated lands andrndegraded lands have increased. The diversity index has decreased resulting in declinernecological abundance and complexity of the landscape. Fragmentation indices of mostrnland cover classes have increased resulting in habitat fragmentation which is one of thernmajor causes of biodiversity loss. The resultant vegetation vulnerability map along withrnthe land use /land cover and structural dynamics can serve local planners and scientists asrna primary source of information for NRM (natural resource management) of the studyrnarea.rnKey words: GIS, RS, land use /land cover, vulnerability model, vegetation, land usernstructure, rift valley, Arsi Negele