Diagnostic Performance Of Commercially Available Widal Test Kits For The Diagnosis Of Typhoid Fever The Case Of One Public Hospital And A Health Center In Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Background: The causative agent of typhoid fever was first isolated in the late 19th century. ThernWidal agglutination test, utilizes a suspension of killed Salmonella Typhi as an antigen, to detectrnanti-H and anti-O agglutinins in serum from suspected Salmonella Typhi-infected patients.rnInformation concerning the utility of Widal test in Ethiopia is limited and studies using multiplernWidal test kits are even far less common.rnObjective: The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance ofrncommercially available Widal test kits for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in Ethiopia.rnMethods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two governmental health facilities in AddisrnAbaba, from October 2014 to February 2015 and a total of 192 typhoid fever suspected patientsrnparticipated. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the collected dataset for thernpurpose of data exploratory analysis. Different measures of agreements, between the Widal testrnkit brands as well as between slide agglutinations and tube titrations were carried out.rnResults: Results of the four commercially available Widal test kits under investigation showedrnplausibly strong test agreement with each other for slide agglutination methods (kappa statisticsrnwas k= 0.967 for anti-H and k= 0.786 for anti-O antibodies). Also in tube titration method, thernfour brands showed strong agreement (k= 0 .875 for anti-H and k= 0.850 for anti-O antibodies).rnIn contrast, slide agglutination and tube titration agreement results of each brands showed arnrelatively lower agreement in anti-H (k

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