Background: Essential new born care is a comprehensive approach planned to improve thernhealth of new born through interventions before, during and after pregnancy, immediatelyrnafter birth and during postnatal period. Among those interventions, safe cord care, earlyrninitiation of breast feeding and delay bathing are practiced by mothers. In Ethiopia aboutrn87,000 new-borns die every year in the first weeks of life which accounts for 42% of allrndeaths of under-five mortality. The highest risk of death is occurred in the first 24 hours ofrnlife while within the first weeks of life greater than half of deaths occur.rnObjective: The Purpose of this study is to assess the essential new born care practicesrnand associated factors among mothers attending public health institution of Nekemterntown, east Wollega zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, 2017.rnMethods: A facility-based cross sectional study design was conducted from February tornmarch, 2017. Data were collected from 417 randomly selected mothers by interview makingrnresponse rate of 98.8%. The collected data were coded, cleaned and entered into computerrnusing Epi-Data version 3.1 and analysed using SPSS version 20 for further analysis.rnMultivariate logistic regression was used to identify associated factors & the strength ofrnassociation was measured by odd ratios with 95% CI at p-value of < 0.05. Finally obtainedrnresults were presented by using simple frequency tables, graphs and charts.rnResults: The study showed that the level of comprehensive essential newborn care practicernwas 47% in the study area despite 76%, 76.7% and 78.7% of respondents practice timelyrnbreast feeding initiation, safe cord care and delay bath for their newborn until 24 hours of lifernrespectively. Number of live births (OR=0.3, 95%, CI=0.13, 0.73), home visit by healthrnextension workers (OR=1.79, 95%, CI=1.08, 2.99) and skilled birth attendantâ€™s advice beforernand during delivery about essential newborn care (OR=2.39, 95%, CI=1.44, 3.98) were foundrnto have statistically significant association with essential newborn care practice.rnConclusion and recommendation: This study indicated that the level of comprehensivernessential newborn care practice is unsatisfactory in the study area. Promotion of essentialrnnewborn care through provision of community oriented awareness creation forum andrnprovision of counselling and education on essential newborn care and neonatal danger signsrnto all pregnant women was recommended.rnKey words: Essential newborn care practice, Newborn, Mothers, Neonatal care practices