In this thesis, the number density and vapor pressure of a sodium atom in therntemperature ranges 337 K, close to room temperature, up to 511 K arerndetermined from the measurement of the transmittance and temperature of thernsample. The broadening parameters at different temperatures are determined forrnthe two lines. The absorption coefficients, and index of refraction of the sodiumrnatom in the optical region, at the D lines (589.76 nm and 589.16 nm), arernobtained