Geology

The properti es of fluorine, its occurrence in nature and its source of incidence in variousrnmedia were presented. The fluoride metabolism, absorption, distribution, excretion and its effectrnon li ving organisms were briefly rev iewed. Several methods suggested from time to lime for arndefluoridation purpose were clearly stated. The fluoride content of natural waters collected fromrndifferent parts of Ethiopia were reported. A study on the defluoridation of water (art ifi cial andrnnatural) by adsorptionlion·cxchange with clays, collected from diffcn:nl parts uf the: country wasrnexamined. The effects of several parameters such as Illass of adsorbent, canlact lime, volume ofrnwater, and pH of the solution on the fluoride removal effic iency of clays were studi ed. Amongrnthe adopted clays for deOuoridat ion study, fi red clay was found to be the least deOuoridatingrnagent. The other raw clays manifcsted the promising results to use at commun ity and householdrnlevels with black and red clays being the best deOuorid at ing agent. A mechanism ofrndeOuoridation by clays was verified experim entally. The regeneration capacity of the clays wasrntested using a regenerant I % (w/v) NaOI-! .

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