Water is an essential element in every aspect of human life; hence no life is possiblernwith out water.rnMDG and ADLI are closely related with water to achieve the targeted goals. Therernfo re, these program pressure on water. In arid and semi arid regions where rainfall isrnnot sufficient and also surface and ground water is scarce to sustain domestic waterrnsupply and agricultural activities, rain water harvesting becomes the most alternativernsource of water.rnBased on the developed conceptual fi'ame work this study explores the challenges ofrnrain water harvesting practices towards its benefits in Dodota woreda Arsi zone,rnOromya region.rnResults are based on data taken from the two sample kebeles. A total of 1 00 (hundred)rnhouseholds were taken. These house holds stratified as users of rain water harvesting,rnnone users and those who stop practicing of rain water harvesting (26 of them users,rnthe rest 74 are non user and those who stopped practicing). The household head wasrnchosen to fill the questionnaire. Both purposive and systematic sampling approachesrnwere conducted to select sample surveyed households, focus group participants and keyrninformants. Purposive was used to select users of rain water harvesting and simplernrandom sampling approach was employed to select non users and those who stoppedrnpracticing of rain water harvesting. Simple descriptive statistical tools such asrnji'equency, percentage and mean were employed through the program SPSS in order tornanalyze the quantitative and qualitative data. The study indicated that user of rainrnwater harvesting are benefited in terms of income improvement and domestic waterrnsupply. For those who stopped practicing of rain water harvesting and non users, thernmain factors hindering them ji-om sustain in and to adopt the technology are factorsrnlike economic, Social, environmental, management and technological factors arernaddressed here, however, further research is needed around which type of rain waterrnharvesting technology is suitable for the study area.rnTo promote the adoption of rain water harvesting practices, it is necessary to work onrnthe increasing of the awareness of users and potential users through continuousrntraining and follow up, transferring the technology properly to the benejicimy is veryrnimportant Accessing the farmer to credit in order to solve financial constraint to adoptrnthe technology. And also strong coordination among stack holders is very vital.