The purpose of this study was to assess the experience of principals in government secondaryrnschools in south west shoa zone of Oromia, Ethiopia,rnNamely: Gersu Dhuki,Dilella, Goro and chitu Secondary school .The study deals withrnencamping the actual role and challenges of principles in implementing school Improvementrnprogram in government secondary schools. The review of literature focused on leader ship rolernin implementation of SIP within this effective leader ship and school Improvement programrninitiatives. The research methodology employed in the study was both quantitative andrnqualitative approaches. Accordingly ,a questionnaire was prepared to be filled by teachers andrndepartment heads. For the qualitative portion, in reviews and observation were administered.rnRegarding the questionnaires, distributed to sample size of 191 teachers 32 departmentrnheads.174 (91%) out of 191 teachers were properly filled and returned 32 questionnairesrndistributed for department heads and 29 were filled and returned. 8 school principals,4 woredarneducation vice heads are involved in the interviewee which takes around an hour for each 4rnPTA representatives were in reviewed in an interviewee which takes 30 minutes for each.rnAfter data were screened, Data Obtained through questionnaires were analyzed usingrnstatistical tools such as mean and percentage. The finding of the role and challenges ofrnprincipals are less effective in their leadership due to lack of experience and qualification inrnprofession Finally, based on the findings and conclusions, recommendations were made anrncapacity building and empowering of principals to do their work effectively on instructionalrnleader ship, in turn, encouraging participatory approach of leadership. further more,south westrnshoa Zonnal Education bureav in responsible to give directives and gude lines in the cases thatrnwhen ever, relations to create school-community links.