This study was made in a selected catchment in the upper part of the Central Rift-Valley wherernSWC have been implemented. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of SWCrnpractices on the improvement of soil properties and yield on cultivated fields in two land units ofrnthe catchment; the magnitude and rate of rill and gully erosion; and the perception of farmers tornland resource degradation and management problems; major SWC activities to control soil erosionrnand soil fertility decline. Two land units within the same biophysical and socio-economic setting,rnbut with different treatment were selected. A total of 24 soil samples from three slope positionsrnwere taken and analyzed for some physico-chemical properties. Rill and gully erosion surveys werernconducted in the two selected land units. Socio-economic data were also obtained from a survey ofrn90 households using semi-structured questionnaire. The result of the physic-chemical properties ofrnthe soil: soil moisture, OC, OM and CEC (0.001), TN, Av.K and P (0.001-0.034), ExB (0.00-0.005)rndid show significant difference at 0.05 levels. The soil pH for the two sites was between 6.7 andrn7.5, neutral to slightly alkaline. The amount of soil loss by rills and interrills is 38.67t/ha for treatedrnand 50.30t/ha for untreated land units; the amount of soil lost through gully erosion was 10.63t/harnand 24.39t/ha in the treated and untreated land units respectively. The household survey resultsrnhave shown that more than 70% of the farmers reported soil related problems (erosion and fertilityrndecline), and the problem is severe in the untreated farm fields. They recognized different sings ofrnerosion and fertility decline such as: rill, and gully erosion; yield decline and high input demand.rnAlmost all farmers believed that erosion problem could be halted, and felt it is their responsibility tornconserve their land for the sustainability of the agricultural system now and for the generation torncome. About 78% of the farmers maintained SWC structures in their farm field at least once a year.rnThey use a range of practices for erosion control and fertility improvement, and have seen that thernconservation intervention in the past and nowadays appeared to be more beneficial, where increasedrnyield is observed. Thus, they have started developing a positive attitude towards the externallyrnrecommended measures.rnKey words: SWC, farmersâ€™ perceptions, soil erosion, soil fertility, rill erosion and gully erosion.