An investigation was made on the ecological and biological attributes of rodents and theirrnsignificance to the endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis RÃ¼ppell, 1835) in thernafroalpine ecosystem of Mt Abune Yoseph, northeast part of Ethiopia. Investigation ofrnsmall mammals was conducted by using extensive live and removal trap samplings. Livetrappingrnwas conducted using Sherman traps. The common break back traps were used forrnsnap trapping. Trapping was carried out in five marginally different habitats between 3650-rn4102 m asl. Transect and point observations were carried out in order to collect data onrnwolf activity and density in relation to habitat types and rodent biomass. Sociological datarnwas collected in the form of interviews and informal discussions to understand the attitudernof the locals about the Ethiopian wolf and small mammals. A total of seven rodent speciesrnof which six endemic and one insectivore shrew (Crocidura bayileyi Osgood, 1936) wererntrapped in habitats sampled during the wet and dry seasons. The rodent species includernArvicanthis abyssinicus (RÃ¼ppell, 1842), Stenocephalemys griseicauda Petter, 1972,rnLophuromys flavopunctatus Thomas, 1888, Otomys typus (Heuglin, 1877), Pelomysrnharringtoni Thomas, 1903, Dendromus lovati De Winton, 1899 and Mericulus imberbisrn(RÃ¼ppell, 1842). A total of 925 individuals of rodents were captured during 4212 traprnnights. The rodent species were found to be varied in abundance, trap success andrnpopulation density among the different habitats. Modified habitats supported less speciesrndiversity and population abundance than those with better natural vegetation cover. Thernabundance of rodents in barely farm was the least of all followed by over grazed alpinernmeadow. This indicates that habitat modification by human activities could probably causerna decline effect on small mammals. Breeding and age structure of rodent species werernintimately correlated with season. The overall rodent density and biomass was lower thanrnthe records in the Bale Mountains while, they were comparable to the Simen Mountains.rnThere were thirty nine observations on the Ethiopian wolf during the present study. Therernwas an estimated population of one pack that includes 8-10 adult and sub adult individualsrnand 2-3 cubs. The local people had positive attitude towards wolf conservation, despite thernmountain was the only place to graze their livestock throughout the year. Mt. Abune Yoseph harboured endemic small and large mammals, avifauna and unique vegetations. Asrna result, it is one among the unique biodiversity hot-spots and spectacular natural heritages.rnWithout the proper management of small mammals and the concomitant habitat, effectivernconservation of the endangered Ethiopian wolf can be very difficult. At the same time,rnconservation of the Ethiopian wolf in the area can not be successful without the keenrninvolvement of local communities, whose lives are strictly entwined with the wildlife andrntheir habitats. In order to effectively conserve the Ethiopian wolf and endemic rodents inrnMt. Abune Yoseph, an integrated management programme that addresses the problem ofrnwildlife; especially habitat modification without compromising the benefits of local peoplernis required. The unique vegetations such as the guassa grass and giant lobelias, which arerncurrently at risk also need immediate attention. Otherwise the next generations in this arearnwill perceive only their names and past histories through literature.rnKey words: Abundance, Mt. Abune Yoseph, afroalpine rodents, Ethiopian wolf, Euryopslobelia,rnhabitat association